An endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) for examination. This procedure is often performed to investigate abnormal uterine bleeding or to diagnose conditions affecting the endometrium.
Key Aspects of Endometrial Biopsy:
- Purpose:
- To evaluate causes of abnormal menstrual bleeding.
- To diagnose conditions such as endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining) or endometrial cancer.
- To assess the effects of hormone therapy.
- To investigate infertility issues.
- Procedure:
- An endometrial biopsy can be performed in a doctor’s office or a hospital setting.
- The procedure typically involves the following steps:
- The patient lies on an examination table in a position similar to that used for a pelvic exam.
- A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
- A thin, flexible tube (catheter) or a specialized instrument is inserted through the cervix into the uterus to collect a small tissue sample from the endometrium.
- The procedure usually takes only a few minutes.
- Types:
- Suction Biopsy: A suction device is used to gently remove tissue.
- Sharp Curettage: A curette (a small, spoon-shaped instrument) is used to scrape the tissue.
- Hysteroscopic Biopsy: A hysteroscope (a thin, lighted tube) is used to view the inside of the uterus and take the biopsy.
- Recovery:
- Most women can return to normal activities shortly after the procedure, although some may experience mild cramping or spotting.
- Results:
- The tissue sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis, where it is examined for abnormalities, signs of infection, or cancerous cells.
An endometrial biopsy is generally considered safe, but, like any medical procedure, it carries some risks, such as bleeding or infection. It is a valuable tool for diagnosing and managing various conditions related to the uterus.
